Feed aggregator

High-order moment closure for nonmagnetized electrons in partially ionized plasmas

Physical Review E (Plasma physics) - Thu, 02/19/2026 - 10:00

Author(s): A. Alvarez Laguna and K. Hara

Linearized moment equations are often used to derive closure models for the hydrodynamic equations of multicomponent plasmas near thermodynamic equilibrium. However, the linearized transport equations lose their validity in rarefied conditions or in the presence of strong electric fields, when the v…


[Phys. Rev. E 113, 025207] Published Thu Feb 19, 2026

Landslides on Mauao in New Zealand following the 22 January 2026 rainfall event

EOS - Thu, 02/19/2026 - 08:14

To date, 42 landslides have been identified on Mauao (Mount Manganui) in New Zealand following the 22 January 2026 rainfall event.

The extreme rainfall event that affected parts of the North Island of New Zealand triggered two fatal landslides, of which the major failure at the Mount Maunganui Beachside Holiday Park on the flanks of Mauao was the most severe. In total, six people were killed in this failure, an unusually high total for a landslide in New Zealand.

As the clear up continues, work is underway to understand the scale of the problem on Mauao (Mount Managanui), the 232 m high lava dome that sits on the edge of the Bay of Plenty. Tauranga City council has a webpage providing updates on its ongoing work at Mauao, which includes an update published today. This highlights that 42 landslides have been identified on the walking tracks of Mauao, twelve of which are considered to be “severe” for which the impacts “generally involve high complexity, higher cost, longer timeframes, and often require staged or multi-disciplinary interventions.”

The Council has released this image showing some of the impacts:-

Landslides on Mauao following the 22 January 2026 rainfall event. Image from Tauranga City council.

This Planet Labs image, captured with their standard PlanetScope instrument on 15 January 2026, shows Mauao before the landslides:-

Satellite image of Mauao before the 22 January 2026 rainfall event. Image copyright Planet Labs, used with permission, captured on 15 January 2026.

And here is an image from five days after the 22 January 2026 event:-

Satellite image of Mauao after the 22 January 2026 rainfall event. Image copyright Planet Labs, used with permission, captured on 27 January 2026.

And here is a slider to allow the two images to be compared:-

Images by Planet Labs:- https://www.planet.com/

The fatal landslide occurred on the eastern side of Mauao just below the 3 o’clock position – this is clearly visible. But other landslides can be seen on the eastern side at the end of the beach and further to the north, and on the southwestern side too. In some cases, the impact of the landslides on the walking tracks is clear.

Resolving these landslides will be time consuming and expensive, yet another burden on a large country with a comparatively small population. Tom Robinson of the University of Canterbury has a very nice article about the impact of landslides on New Zealand, noting that they have claimed 1,800 lives over the last two centuries, twice the number killed by volcanoes and earthquakes combined. As extreme rainfall events increase in frequency and severity, the challenges for New Zealands are intensifying.

Acknowledgement

Many thanks to the wonderful people at Planet Labs for providing access to the satellite imagery.

Return to The Landslide Blog homepage Text © 2026. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.

Ultralow Velocity Zones at the Core-Mantle Boundary in the Subduction Regions Consistent with the Iron-Rich Origins Revealed by ScP Waveform Complexities

Geophysical Journal International - Thu, 02/19/2026 - 00:00
SummaryUltralow velocity zones (ULVZs) at the Earth’s core-mantle boundary (CMB) are marked by substantial reductions in seismic velocities. They are often associated with significant increases in density, providing important insights into deep Earth composition and dynamics. In this study, we investigate ULVZs beneath eastern and southern Asia, regions associated with long-term subduction, by analyzing high-frequency (~1 Hz) ScP waveforms recorded at the small-aperture KZ array. After correcting for attenuation along the ScP path, we perform a grid search to match the observed waveform complexities with synthetics generated for a comprehensive suite of 1D ULVZ models. The best-fitting models for each event constrain ULVZ thickness, P- and S-wave velocity reductions, and density anomalies, revealing widespread but laterally variable ULVZ structures, although the influence of finite ULVZ geometry cannot be entirely excluded. The correlations among these parameters point to iron-rich chemical heterogeneity as the dominant origin of the imaged ULVZs, likely reflecting iron enrichment associated with long-term subduction processes.

Unlocking the potential of single stations to replace seismic arrays

Geophysical Journal International - Thu, 02/19/2026 - 00:00
SummaryWe introduce Virtual Seismic Arrays, which predict full array recordings from a single reference station, eliminating the need for continuous deployment of all stations for continued array operation. This innovation can reduce costs and address logistical challenges while maintaining multi-station functionality. We implement a Virtual Seismic Array using a deep learning encoder-decoder approach to predict the transfer of the seismic wavefield between stations. We train on recordings of secondary ocean microseisms from the Gräfenberg array in Germany to retrieve predictive models for each array station, which together form the Virtual Seismic Array. To evaluate its performance, we beamform original and predicted waveforms to detect the dominant secondary microseism sources. We assess three source regime scenarios: one where only a single dominant source regime is present in both the training and test dataset, another with two different regimes in the training data but only one in the test data, and a third where the training data does not contain the dominant source regime observed in the test data. Our results show strong agreement between predicted and original beamforming results in cases where the observed source regime was part of the training, demonstrating the feasibility of Virtual Seismic Arrays.

Antarctic warming is altering atmospheric stability: New evidence from the 1950s to the present

Phys.org: Earth science - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 23:00
A new study published in the Journal of Climate reveals how surface warming in Antarctica, particularly over the Antarctic Peninsula, is significantly altering the stability of the lowest layers of the atmosphere.

'Boomerang' earthquake simulations suggest ricocheting ruptures may be more common than previously thought

Phys.org: Earth science - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 22:40
An earthquake typically sets off ruptures that ripple out from its underground origins. But on rare occasions, seismologists have observed quakes that reverse course, further shaking up areas that they passed through only seconds before. These "boomerang" earthquakes often occur in regions with complex fault systems. But a new study by MIT researchers predicts that such ricochet ruptures can occur even along simple faults.

New study identifies sequence of critical thresholds for Antarctic ice basins

Phys.org: Earth science - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:38
The Antarctic ice sheet does not behave as one single tipping element, but as a set of interacting basins with different critical thresholds. This is the finding of a new study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology (MPI-GEA). With today's warming, about 40% of the ice stored in West Antarctica may already be committed to long-term loss, while parts of East Antarctica could cross thresholds at moderate levels of warming between 2 to 3°C compared to pre-industrial levels, contributing significantly to global long-term sea-level rise.

Mantle plume vs. plate tectonics: Basalt cores reshape the North Atlantic breakup debate

Phys.org: Earth science - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:23
About 56 million years ago, Europe and North America began pulling apart to form what became the ever-expanding North Atlantic Ocean. Vast amounts of molten rock from Earth's mantle reached the ocean floor as the crust stretched and thinned, creating a volcanic, rifted margin between Norway and Greenland, a marine feature that has intrigued scientists for decades.

Understanding 'Snowball Earth' extreme climates when the world is covered in ice

Phys.org: Earth science - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:14
In the whole history of Earth's climate, few events are as extreme as those that geologists call "Snowball Earth."

Editorial Board

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s):

Why the end-Guadalupian biotic crisis differs from mass extinctions: Insights from high-precision geochronology and carbon cycle modeling

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Qiong Wu, Zhang-shuai Hou, Jahandar Ramezani, Dong-xun Yuan, Hua Zhang, Wen-qian Wang, Quan-feng Zheng, Yi-chun Zhang, Fei-fei Zhang, Guang-yi Wei, Shu-han Zhang, Yue Wang, Douglas H. Erwin, Yi-gang Xu, Shu-zhong Shen

Coupled tectonic and surface processes in the Guerrero forearc, Mexico: Insights from the basin-averaged erosion rates

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Krzysztof Gaidzik, María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera

Revisiting oxygen isotope anomalies in NO<sub>2</sub> and nitrate in the nocturnal atmosphere: a modeling approach

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Zhuang Jiang, Tao Zhou, Zhongyi Zhang, Zeqian Liu, Lei Geng

Nitrogen in strongly peraluminous granites reveals a significant increase in biomass burial and O<sub>2</sub> production prior to the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Fawn S.M. Holland, Eva E. Stüeken, Wei Dan, Wenxiang Zhang, Yu Zhu, Sami Mikhail

Frictional weakening of gabbro faults after quasi-stationary contact under hydrothermal conditions

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Wei Feng, Lu Yao, Shengli Ma, Feng Shi, Jinyu Zheng, Giulio Di Toro

Interannual to multidecadal climate oscillations occurred during Cryogenian glaciation

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Chloe Griffin, Thomas M. Gernon, Minmin Fu, Elias J. Rugen, Anthony M. Spencer, Geoffrey Warrington, Thea K. Hincks

Spatial variability and mechanics in aeolian ripples: A case study in Chilean Patagonia

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Tyler R. Gough, Chris H. Hugenholtz, Paul R. Nesbit, Thomas E. Barchyn

Triple oxygen isotope signatures of cherts record pore-fluid composition and temperature across the opal-CT to quartz transition

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Oskar Schramm, Katharina Ebert, Patrick J. Frings, Andreas Pack, Tommaso Di Rocco, Volker Karius, Nils Keno Lünsdorf, Dieter Korn, Daniel Herwartz, Michael Tatzel

Multi-pulse and crystal-laden emplacement of the Tunnel Dike: implications for flood basalt volcanism

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Ryan M. Currier, Paulo J. Hidalgo, Tushar Mittal, Jada Nimblett, Lucian Bitner, Taiylor Williams, Bil Schneider

New early cretaceous paleomagnetic results from the Northern Lhasa Terrane and their tectonic implications

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 02/18/2026 - 19:11

Publication date: 1 April 2026

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 679

Author(s): Zijian Li, Yalin Li, Xiaodong Tan, Zhongpeng Han, Shuai Li, Xingduo Ma, Ying Liang, Xu Zhang, Jizheng Song, Zihao Zhou, Yuanxiang Li, Shuqing Miao, Chengshan Wang

Theme by Danetsoft and Danang Probo Sayekti inspired by Maksimer