Feed aggregator

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 24 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01631-x

Biofilms on the surface of outdoor stone heritage contribute to either biodeterioration or bioprotection. We suggest that halting biofilm activity by limiting biologically available water shifts geomicrobiological development towards bioprotection.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 24 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w

The recent increase in isotopically light sulfur emissions from Campi Flegrei (Italy) is probably the result of degassing magma at ≥6 km depth and could be an indicator of caldera reawakening generally, according to observations and simulations.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 24 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y

Plant litter-derived mineral-associated organic matter that formed in the first year and pyrogenic organic inputs both persist on a decadal scale in grassland soil via distinct mechanisms, according to a soil organic matter decomposition experiment.

SummaryOn 9th January 2020, a Mw 6.4 earthquake struck the central Koryak Highlands of eastern Siberia, northeast of the diffuse triple junction between the North American, Pacific and Eurasian plates. The largest earthquake recorded in the central Koryak Highlands to date, it provides an excellent opportunity to study the little-known active tectonics of this remote, sparsely instrumented region. We mapped coherent, coseismic surface deformation with Sentinel 1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), making this one of the highest-latitude earthquakes to be captured successfully with satellite radar, in spite of the rugged, snow-covered terrain. Elastic dislocation modelling, teleseismic back-projections, calibrated hypocentral relocations, and teleseismic moment tensor solutions are used to resolve a left-lateral fault trending northwestwards, proximal but perpendicular to a regional geological suture zone, the Khatyrka-Vyvenka Thrust. The earthquake probably ruptured unilaterally northwestwards along a 20 km long segment that appears indistinct in the local topography, and likely generated no surface rupture. We interpret that these observations are indicative of a structurally immature fault zone and estimate a seismogenic zone thickness of 10–15 km. The Koryak Highlands earthquake illustrates how terrane boundaries within cordilleran belts may continue to accommodate tectonic strain long after accretion, resulting in significant earthquakes even along hidden faults.

Shallow coastal waters are hotspots for methane emissions, releasing significant amounts of this potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere and contributing to global warming. New research highlights how tides, seasons, and ocean currents strongly influence methane emissions and how tiny microorganisms, called methanotrophs, help reduce their impact. These findings are part of a dissertation by NIOZ Ph.D. candidate Tim de Groot, which he will defend on January 31, 2025 at Utrecht University.

Publication date: Available online 20 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Serim Bak, Jeongrae Kim

Publication date: Available online 20 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Nishant Singh, M. Shanmugam, Arpit Patel, Sushil Kumar, Deepak K. Painkra, Tinkal Ladiya, S. Vadawale

Publication date: Available online 20 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Toshihiko Kadono, Shigeru Wakita, Tatsuya Watanabe, Ryusei Maeda, Ryo Suetsugu, Yuri Shimaki

Publication date: Available online 20 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Rishitosh K. Sinha, Akash Gautam, Jayanta Laha, Neha Panwar, S. Vijayan, Neeraj Srivastava, Anil Bhardwaj

Publication date: Available online 19 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Guangyu Zhao, Bin Li, Lei Liu, Yuxin Hu, Xiao Zhou, Hui Long, Xiaodong Yu, Jizhang Sang

While firefighters work to extinguish the Los Angeles-area wildfires, city officials and emergency managers are also worried about what could come next.

By refining an artificial intelligence approach to predicting earthquakes in the laboratory, or labquakes, engineers at Penn State are paving the way to one day help forecast natural earthquakes.

Legend has it that a strange orb sometimes seen hovering over the railroad tracks in the remote area around Summerville, South Carolina, is a lantern borne by a ghost whose husband lost his head in a train accident.

Gravitationally induced deformation of the receiving unit of radio telescopes used for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) distorts the observations and biases the deduced products. As this deformation ac...

Abstract

Spoofing detection is an essential process in global navigation satellite system anti-spoofing. Signal quality monitoring (SQM) methods have been widely studied as simple and effective means to detect spoofing. However, the disadvantages of the existing SQM methods, such as long alarm times and low detection rates, necessitate the study of new methods. Therefore, to address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel SQM method based on a long short-term memory-detect (LSTM-Detect) model with a strong capacity for sequential signal processing. In particular, this method evaluates the distortion of the autocorrelation function (ACF) by the trained LSTM-Detect model for spoofing detection. The simulation results demonstrate that the LSTM-Detect model can detect a wide range of spoofing signals, varying in signal power advantages, code phase differences, and carrier phase differences. In the Texas Spoofing Test Battery datasets 2–6, the detection rate exceeds 98.5%, with an alarm time of less than 5 ms. Compared with five existing SQM methods, the LSTM-Detect model exhibits a more comprehensive spoofing detection performance.

Abstract

Low-cost (LC) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are argued as an alternative solution to geodetic GNSS counterparts for different applications. Single-frequency low-cost (SF-LC) GNSS receivers have been in the market for many years while their inability to acquire GNSS observations in second frequency limited their use. A few years ago, dual-frequency low-cost (DF-LC) GNSS receivers with enhanced capabilities entered the mass market, considering the advancements they have been tested and evaluated by many researchers. Lastly, multi-frequency low-cost (MF-LC) GNSS receivers become available. With the ability to track more satellite signals, these GNSS receivers are expected to obtain better overall performance. This review article aims to analyze recent advances and applications of LC GNSS receivers. To provide answers to the research question relevant articles were selected and analyzed. From the reviewed articles, it was concluded that the performance of SF-LC and DF-LC GNSS receivers is comparable to that of geodetic counterparts only in open-sky conditions. However, in adverse conditions, the differences become more highlighted. In such environments, SF and DF-LC GNSS receivers face challenges not only with positioning quality but also with their proper work. Limited studies on MF-LC receivers have reported comparable observations and positioning performance to geodetic GNSS receivers. Despite drawbacks, LC GNSS receivers have been successfully applied in surveying, mapping, geodetic monitoring, precision agriculture, navigation, atmosphere monitoring, Earth surface monitoring, and other fields.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 23 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01635-7

Coral bleaching and mortality are substantially overestimated in most model projections that are based on Degree Heating Months instead of Degree Heating Weeks, calling into question results generated using Degree Heating Months.

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 23 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y

Upper-crustal magma bodies are present beneath most Cascade Range volcanoes, indicating that large volumes of melt can persist at shallow depth through eruption cycles, according to systematic seismic imaging.

We have developed two novel axial anisotropic inversion codes for magnetotelluric (MT) data: a full axial inversion and a decoupled axial inversion. Both codes are based on the data space Gauss–Newton inversio...