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Detection of ionospheric disturbances with a sparse GNSS network in simulated near-real time Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.5 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence

GPS Solutions - Sat, 01/18/2025 - 00:00
Abstract

On February 6, 2023 the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence caused significant ground shaking and catastrophic losses across south-central Türkiye and northwest Syria. These seismic events produced ionospheric perturbations detectable in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) measurements. This work aims to develop and incorporate a near-real-time (NRT) ionospheric disturbance detection method into JPL’s GUARDIAN system. Our method uses a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to detect anomalous ionospheric behavior, such as co-seismic ionospheric disturbances among others. Our method detected an anomalous signature after the second \(M_w\)  7.5 earthquake at 10:24:48 UTC (13:24 local time) but did not alert after the first \(M_w\)  7.8 earthquake at 01:17:34 UTC (04:17 local time), which had a visible disturbance of smaller amplitude likely due to lower ionization levels at night and potentially the multi-source mechanism of the slip.

Plain Language Summary Seismic activity, including the destructive Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence on February 6, 2023 in the Republic of Türkiye, result in vertical ground displacement that cause atmospheric waves. These waves propagate upwards to the outer atmosphere, disturbing the ionospheric electron content. This disturbance impacts the signals broadcast by positioning satellites (such as GPS) and received by ground-based receivers. If the receiver position is known, the impact to these signals can be used to measure the electron density disturbance caused by these seismically-induced atmospheric waves. Such studies usually rely on being aware of the event a priori. Using deep learning neural networks, we instead aim to detect anomalous signals automatically. We propose to utilise this method to detect seismically-induced disturbances over a large geographical area. The detection method proposed in this paper successfully detected an anomalous event in the ionosphere approximately ten minutes after the second earthquake in the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence.

Corrigendum to “Molybdenum isotope systematics of lavas from the East Pacific Rise: Constraints on the source of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt” [EPSL 578, 2022/117283]

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Fri, 01/17/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: Available online 2 December 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Author(s): Shuo Chen, Pu Sun, Yaoling Niu, Pengyuan Guo, Tim Elliott, Remco C. Hin

Revised cross-correlation and time-lag between cosmic ray intensity and solar activity using Chatterjee’s correlation coefficient

Publication date: 1 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 75, Issue 1

Author(s): D. Sierra-Porta

The impact of yaw attitude models on precise orbit determination: The latest blocks of GNSS satellites and their yaw models

Publication date: 1 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 75, Issue 1

Author(s): Yuqing Liu, Hu Wang, Lina He, Hongyang Ma, Yingying Ren, Yafeng Wang, Jing Jiao, Yamin Dang

Achieving solar sail orbital maintenance with adjustable ballast masses in the ERTBP

Publication date: 1 January 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 75, Issue 1

Author(s): Ehsan Abbasali, Amirreza Kosari, Majid Bakhtiari

A machine learning-based partial ambiguity resolution method for precise positioning in challenging environments

Journal of Geodesy - Fri, 01/17/2025 - 00:00
Abstract

Partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) has been widely adopted in real-time kinematic (RTK) and precise point positioning with augmentation from continuously operating reference station (PPP-RTK). However, current PAR methods, either in the position domain or the ambiguity domain, suffer from high false alarm and miss detection, particularly in challenging environments with poor satellite geometry and observations contaminated by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects, gross errors, biases, and high observation noise. To address these issues, a PAR method based on machine learning is proposed to significantly improve the correct fix rate and positioning accuracy of PAR in challenging environments. This method combines two support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to effectively identify and exclude ambiguities those are contaminated by bias sources from PAR without relying on satellite geometry. The proposed method is validated with three vehicle-based field tests covering open sky, suburban, and dense urban environments, and the results show significant improvements in terms of correct fix rate and positioning accuracy over the traditional PAR method that only utilizes ambiguity covariances. The fix rates achieved with the proposed method are 93.9%, 81.9%, and 93.1% with the three respective field tests, with no wrong fixes, compared to 72.8%, 20.9%, and 16.0% correct fix rates using the traditional method. The positioning error root mean square (RMS) is 0.020 m, 0.035 m, and 0.056 m in the east, north, and up directions for the first field test, 0.027 m, 0.080 m, and 0.126 m for the second field test, and 0.035 m, 0.042 m, and 0.071 m for the third field test. In contrast, only decimeter- to meter-level accuracy was obtainable with these datasets using the traditional method due to the high wrong fix rate. The proposed method provides a correct and fast time-to-first-fix (TTFF) of 3–5 s, even in challenging environments. Overall, the proposed method offers significant improvements in positioning accuracy and ambiguity fix rate with high reliability, making it a promising solution for PAR in challenging environments.

Author Correction: Recent uplift of Chomolungma enhanced by river drainage piracy

Nature Geoscience - Thu, 01/16/2025 - 00:00

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 16 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41561-025-01643-1

Author Correction: Recent uplift of Chomolungma enhanced by river drainage piracy

Tidal Deformation and Dissipation Processes in Icy Worlds

Space Science Reviews - Thu, 01/16/2025 - 00:00
Abstract

Tidal interactions play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of icy worlds. The intense tectonic activity of Europa and the eruption activity on Enceladus are clear examples of the manifestation of tidal deformation and associated dissipation. While tidal heating has long been recognized as a major driver in the activity of these icy worlds, the mechanism controlling how tidal forces deform the different internal layers and produce heat by tidal friction still remains poorly constrained. As tidal forcing varies with orbital characteristics (distance to the central planet, eccentricity, obliquity), the contribution of tidal heating to the internal heat budget can strongly change over geological timescales. In some circumstances, the tidally-produced heat can result in internal melting and surface activity taking various forms. Even in the absence of significant heat production, tidal deformation can be used to probe the interior structure, the tidal response of icy moons being strongly sensitive to their hydrosphere structure. In the present paper, we review the methods to compute tidal deformation and dissipation in the different layers composing icy worlds. After summarizing the main principle of tidal deformation and the different rheological models used to model visco-elastic tidal response, we describe the dissipation processes expected in rock-dominated cores, subsurface oceans and icy shells and highlight the potential effects of tidal heating in terms of thermal evolution and activity. We finally anticipate how data collected by future missions to Jupiter’s and Saturn’s moons could be used to constrain their tidal response and the consequences for past and present activities.

Large burial flux of modern organic carbon in the St. Lawrence estuarine system indicates a substantial atmospheric carbon sink

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Yunfeng Wang, Jason M.E. Ahad, Alfonso O. Mucci, Yves Gélinas, Peter M.J. Douglas

Evidence for the role of tropical plumes in driving mid-Holocene north-west Sahara rainfall

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Hamish O. Couper, Christopher C. Day, Julia J. Barrott, Samuel J. Hollowood, Stacy A. Carolin, Ben Lovett, Abdeljalil Bouzouggar, Nick Barton, Gideon M. Henderson

Mantle discontinuities and reflectors beneath the Arctic Ocean and Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone: Evidence for MORB crust at the top of the lower mantle

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Y. Yuan, J.K. Magali, X. Deng, D. Sun, C. Thomas

Vanadium isotope fractionation during early planetary evolution: Insights from achondrite analyses

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): D.V. Bekaert, M. Auro, K. Righter, L.D. Peterson, A.W. Heard, D. Davis, E. Füri, Y. Marrocchi, A.J. Irving, K. Prissel, K. Burton, C. Fitoussi, S.G. Nielsen

Rheological and topographic implications of thermal insulation created by supercontinents

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): João Pedro Macedo Silva, Victor Sacek, Carlos Eduardo Ganade, Gianreto Manatschal

Stable Nd isotopic fractionation in REY-rich deep-sea sediments

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Jianghao Bai, Yinan Deng, Hao Wu, Xirong Liang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Ganglan Zhang, Gangjian Wei

On the possibility of exhaustive carbonation in geological carbon storage

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Jun Korenaga

Magnetite nanoparticles modulate microbial nitrate reduction pathway

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Pengcong Wang, Genming Luo, Dominic Papineau, Deng Liu, Hongmei Wang, Yiliang Li, Zongmin Zhu

Constraining the thermal structure of the subduction plate interface: Coupled petrologic and geodynamic study of high-pressure rocks of New Caledonia

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Sarah C. Penniston-Dorland, Ikuko Wada, Natalie H. Raia, Andrew Steele, Emma S. Bullock, Xin Zhou, Besim Dragovic, Peter E. van Keken

Numerical simulations of subduction, relamination and accretion of magmatic arcs – implications for continent-ocean convergent margins

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Petra Maierová, Karel Schulmann, Taras Gerya

Large-scale palaeoflow at the top of Earth's core

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Neil Suttie, Andreas Nilsson, Nicolas Gillet, Mathieu Dumberry

Ureilite precursor formation from an isotopically and chemically heterogeneous, isolated protoplanetary disk reservoir

Earth and Planetary Science Letters - Wed, 01/15/2025 - 19:10

Publication date: 15 February 2025

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 652

Author(s): Pascal M. Kruttasch, Karen Ziegler, Julian-Christopher Storck, Nicolas D. Greber, Aryavart Anand, Klaus Mezger

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