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Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Yinhao Hui, Yahong Fan, Ruizhi Luo

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Nitin Gupta, Vineet Dawara, Aloke Kumar, Koushik Viswanathan

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Nannan Guo, Yanqiang Wu, Shuang Zhu, Changyun Chen

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Zhiwei Hou, Xuejing Lan

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Hager M. Salah, Rabiu Babatunde, Daniel Okoh, M. Youssef, Ayman Mahrous

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Ruixian Hao, Tairan Xu, Zhicai Li, Fei Yang, Zemin Hao, Juntao Tan, Yongzhi Gao, Zhiyi Shu

Publication date: 15 August 2024

Source: Advances in Space Research, Volume 74, Issue 4

Author(s): Leonid F. Chernogor, Yurii B. Mylovanov, Yevhen H. Zhdanko

New explicit formulae for the settling speed of prolate spheroids in the atmosphere: theoretical background and implementation in AerSett v2.0.2
Sylvain Mailler, Sotirios Mallios, Arineh Cholakian, Vassilis Amiridis, Laurent Menut, and Romain Pennel
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5641–5655, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5641-2024, 2024
We propose two explicit expressions to calculate the settling speed of solid atmospheric particles with prolate spheroidal shapes. The first formulation is based on theoretical arguments only, while the second one is based on computational fluid dynamics calculations. We show that the first method is suitable for virtually all atmospheric aerosols, provided their shape can be adequately described as a prolate spheroid, and we provide an implementation of the first method in AerSett v2.0.2.

New research from a collaborative team featuring Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Dr. Andrew Dessler is exploring the climate impact of the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcano eruption and challenging existing assumptions about its effects in the process.

A measurement system for CO2 and CH4 emissions quantification of industrial sites using a new in situ concentration sensor operated on board uncrewed aircraft vehicles
Jean-Louis Bonne, Ludovic Donnat, Grégory Albora, Jérémie Burgalat, Nicolas Chauvin, Delphine Combaz, Julien Cousin, Thomas Decarpenterie, Olivier Duclaux, Nicolas Dumelié, Nicolas Galas, Catherine Juery, Florian Parent, Florent Pineau, Abel Maunoury, Olivier Ventre, Marie-France Bénassy, and Lilian Joly
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4471–4491, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4471-2024, 2024
We present a top-down approach to quantify CO2 and CH4 emissions at the scale of an industrial site, based on a mass balance model relying on atmospheric concentrations measurements from a new sensor embarked on board uncrewed aircraft vehicles (UAVs). We present a laboratory characterization of our sensor and a field validation of our quantification method, together with field application to the monitoring of two real-world offshore oil and gas platforms.

A Bias Correction Scheme for FY-3E/ HIRAS-II Observation Data Assimilation
Hongtao Chen and Li Guan
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-65,2024
Preprint under review for AMT (discussion: open, 0 comments)
In order to correctly assimilate satellite radiance observations in data assimilation systems, the systematic observation biases must be corrected to conform to a Gaussian normal distribution with a mean of 0.In this paper, a two-step bias correction scheme is established based on radiation observations of HIRAS-II (Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II) carried on FY-3E.

Harmonizing seismicity information in Central Asian countries: earthquake catalogue and active faults
Valerio Poggi, Stefano Parolai, Natalya Silacheva, Anatoly Ischuk, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Zainalobudin Kobuliev, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, Roman Ibragimov, Japar Karaev, Paola Ceresa, and Paolo Bazzurro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2597-2024, 2024
As part of the Strengthening Financial Resilience and Accelerating Risk Reduction in Central Asia (SFRARR) programme, funded by the European Union in collaboration with the World Bank and GFDRR, a regionally consistent probabilistic multi-hazard and multi-asset risk assessment has been developed. This paper describes the preparation of the input datasets (earthquake catalogue and active-fault database) required for the implementation of the probabilistic seismic hazard model.

ZJU-AERO V0.5: an Accurate and Efficient Radar Operator designed for CMA-GFS/MESO with the capability to simulate non-spherical hydrometeors
Hejun Xie, Lei Bi, and Wei Han
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5657–5688, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5657-2024, 2024
A radar operator plays a crucial role in utilizing radar observations to enhance numerical weather forecasts. However, developing an advanced radar operator is challenging due to various complexities associated with the wave scattering by non-spherical hydrometeors, radar beam propagation, and multiple platforms. In this study, we introduce a novel radar operator named the Accurate and Efficient Radar Operator developed by ZheJiang University (ZJU-AERO) which boasts several unique features.

Three recent papers authored by Ted Schuur, Regents' professor of biological sciences at Northern Arizona University, and other researchers around the world, organized through the Permafrost Carbon Network, investigate the biological processes taking place in the warming Arctic tundra and provide insight into what we can expect from that region as the climate continues to change.

Author(s): Jarett LeVan, Marco D. Acciarri, and Scott D. Baalrud

Bulk viscosity of a plasma consisting of strongly coupled diatomic ions is computed using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are based on the rigid rotor one-component plasma, which is introduced as a model system that adds two degrees of molecular rotation to the traditional one-compon…

[Phys. Rev. E 110, 015208] Published Fri Jul 26, 2024

Abstract

Sea-air methane flux was measured directly by the eddy-covariance method across approximately 60,000 km of Arctic and Antarctic cruises during a number of summers. The Arctic Ocean (north of 60°N, between 20°W and 50°E) and Southern Ocean (south of 50°S, between 70°W and 30°E) are found to be on-shelf sources of atmospheric methane with mean sea-air fluxes of 9.17 ± 2.91 (SEM (standard error of the mean)) μmol m−2 d−1 and 8.98 ± 0.91 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Off-shelf, this region of the Arctic Ocean is found to be a source of methane (mean flux of 2.39 ± 0.68 μmol m−2 d−1), while this region of the Southern Ocean is found to be a methane sink (mean flux of −0.77 ± 0.37 μmol m−2 d−1). The highest fluxes observed are found around west Svalbard, South Georgia, and South Shetland Islands and Bransfield Strait; areas with evidence of the presence of methane flares emanating from the seabed. Hence, this study may provide evidence of direct emission of seabed methane to the atmosphere in both the Arctic and Antarctic. Comparing with previous studies, the results of this study may indicate an increase in sea-air flux of methane in areas with seafloor seepage over timescales of several decades. As climate change exacerbates rising water temperatures, continued monitoring of methane release from polar oceans into the future is crucial.

Abstract

The Carpathian belt is one of Europe's major metallogenic provinces, where magmatic ore mineralization is associated with the past subduction environment. The upper crust is mapped for the first time in the Northeast Carpathian Volcanic Arc using magnetotelluric data inversion. The obtained 3-D electrical resistivity model is interpreted in conjunction with geological information and magnetic anomaly data. The model illustrates the deep magmatic plumbing system including kilometer-scale plutonic bodies at a depth of 2–7 km. The model implies that the transport of magma and fluids in the uppermost crust was controlled by pre-existing faults and décollement horizons. Present ore mineralization, mined since historical times, can be attributed to an electrically conductive conduit that is mapped from the surface to a depth of about 30 km. It is suggested that this conduit connected a shallow magmatic chamber to a deep source region in the southeast during late Miocene time. An observed northwest deflection of the deep magmatic conduit at a depth of more than 10 km may explain the spatial gap in the distribution of the Miocene volcanic activity along the Eastern Carpathians.

Abstract

Two solar eclipse events in 2023 appeared to produce considerable enhancements in the thermospheric column density ratio of monatomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (ΣO/N2) as measured by TIMED GUVI. We quantify potential sources for eclipse-induced ΣO/N2 changes and find that the observed enhancements arise from the ionospheric O+ radiative recombination contribution to the OI 135.6 nm emission from which ΣO/N2 is derived. Variations in the solar Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) and X-ray spectrum, due to the difference between the disk spectrum and the coronal spectrum, are also considered but shown to have negligible contributions to the ΣO/N2 enhancements. After accounting for the radiative recombination contribution, we constrain the real thermospheric compositional change to the uncertainty level of the measurements of 5%–10%. These results are valuable for the interpretation of eclipse-induced ΣO/N2 changes that will further first-principle model comparisons and lead to a better understanding of the response of the thermosphere to localized variations in solar EUV and X-ray forcing.

Abstract

There are growing concerns about the effect of solar flares on the ionosphere, mainly due to possible deterioration or damage to our communication and navigation satellite systems. On 3 July 2021, and 28 October 2021, there were solar flares (SFs) classified as X1.59 and X1.0, respectively. These two SFs were the only ones of X-class that occurred during the last low solar activity (LSA:2018–2021). Data from magnetometers and Global Positioning System (GPS)—Total Electron Content (TEC) are used to investigate the spatial-temporal electrodynamics of the ionosphere from pole-to-pole in the American sector. Employing ∆H and vertical TEC, along with the ROT (rate of change of VTEC) parameter. Rapidly ∆H disturbances closely follow the X-ray variation and the ∆H valleys and peaks are well-synchronized during the SFs, indicating that they are linked. Major disturbances in the ∆H are noticed in the mid-low-equatorial latitudes. However, minor disturbances were seen at high latitudes. Also, |ROT| is a good indicator of the electron density changes during the SFs, especially when the X-ray intensity rises to the peak.

Science, Volume 385, Issue 6707, July 2024.