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Developing a pill to treat sickle cell disease

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 27-28, July 2024.

DNA and gelatin—a cool aerogel mix

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 30-30, July 2024.

A new path to migraine

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 28-29, July 2024.

Preventing bad behavior in academia

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 22-24, July 2024.

News at a glance

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 8-9, July 2024.

Giant fusion project in big trouble

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 10-11, July 2024.

Does wildlife rehabilitation work? No one knows for sure

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 11-12, July 2024.

China’s GeoGPT led to firing of top European geoscientist

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 12-13, July 2024.

Supreme Court ruling threatens role of science in regulation

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 14-14, July 2024.

Durable proteins appear to protect ovaries

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 15-15, July 2024.

There will be blood

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 16-20, July 2024.

American academic freedom is in peril

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 7-7, July 2024.

Can federal grid reforms solve the interconnection problem?

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 31-33, July 2024.

In Science Journals

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 39-41, July 2024.

Hidden Large Aerosol‐Driven Cloud Cover Effect Over High‐Latitude Ocean

JGR–Atmospheres - Wed, 07/03/2024 - 20:29
Abstract

Understanding how aerosols affect cloud cover is critical for reducing the large uncertainty of the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI). The 2014 Holuhraun effusive eruption in Iceland resulted in a significant increase in cloud drop number concentration (N d ) relative to the climatological N d observed during periods of relatively infrequent volcanic activity. Previous studies show a significant “Twomey” effect during this eruption; however, aerosol-induced changes in cloud fraction (Cf) appeared negligible. This leads to the question of why changes in aerosols do not cause Cf changes. To address this question, prediction models were derived to predict Cf based on N d and meteorological parameters. These validated models allow us to investigate aerosol perturbations on Cf in various N d scenarios by controlled meteorological conditions. Here our analysis unveiled that the increase in N d was primarily observed under polluted conditions where N d surpassing the threshold of 60 cm−3. After this point, cloud cover stops increasing even as N d increases. On the contrary, the cloud cover did increase by 9.0% under conditions of clean backgrounds (N d  < 60 cm−3). Accordingly, the aerosol-driven cloud adjustment is hidden behind the seemingly insignificant cloud cover effect in areas with large background N d . These findings provide insights into the importance of considering background N d and the saturation status of cloud covers in ACI studies.

Insights Into Urban Heat Island and Heat Waves Synergies Revealed by a Land‐Surface‐Physics‐Based Downscaling Method

JGR–Atmospheres - Wed, 07/03/2024 - 20:15
Abstract

Researchers have recently focused on the interplay of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and heat waves (HWs). However, the synergies of these two phenomena remains inconclusive at present. To address this gap, this study investigated UHIs and HWs synergies during the last 30 years in the Tokyo metropolitan area, through a unique and novel approach named Land-Surface-Physics-Based Downscaling (LSP-DS). LSP-DS integrates the widely used Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land-surface model coupled with urban canopy-process physics, aiming to conduct high-resolution, long-term urban-specific simulations with much less computational resources. Our comprehensive analysis combining observation data and numerous LSP-DS simulations confirms exacerbated UHIs during HWs. Specifically, HWs amplify the temperature differences between urban and rural environments, which is quantified by UHI intensity (UHII). During HWs, UHII increased more at night in inland areas and more during daytime in coastal areas. HWs present especially a heightened threat to coastal regions where daytime UHII increased by approximately 1°C during HWs. The Bowen ratio can explain the increase in the daytime UHII, and the daytime accumulated storage heat increase during HWs can explain the increase in nighttime UHII. Based on future projections of the increasing frequency of high temperatures, our findings highlight the impending heat-related health challenges faced by urban residents.

Toward on-demand measurements of greenhouse gas emissions using an uncrewed aircraft AirCore system

Atmos. Meas. techniques - Wed, 07/03/2024 - 18:37
Toward on-demand measurements of greenhouse gas emissions using an uncrewed aircraft AirCore system
Zihan Zhu, Javier González-Rocha, Yifan Ding, Isis Frausto-Vicencio, Sajjan Heerah, Akula Venkatram, Manvendra Dubey, Don Collins, and Francesca M. Hopkins
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3883–3895, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3883-2024, 2024
Increases in agriculture, oil and gas, and waste management activities have contributed to the increase in atmospheric methane levels and resultant climate warming. In this paper, we explore the use of small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUASs) and AirCore technology to detect and quantify methane emissions. Results from field experiments demonstrate that sUASs and AirCore technology can be effective for detecting and quantifying methane emissions in near real time.

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