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The transitory origins of rivers

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1402-1403, June 2024.

An epigenetic editor to silence genes

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1407-1408, June 2024.

Antibody inhibition of measles virus entry

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1406-1407, June 2024.

Improve trans policies in Brazil’s universities

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1415-1416, June 2024.

Protect and restore small wetlands

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1415-1415, June 2024.

Protect wetlands from legacy plastics

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1414-1415, June 2024.

ERRATA

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6710, Page 722-722, August 2024.

News at a glance

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1390-1391, June 2024.

Plans for U.S. bat lab spark outbreak fears

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1392-1393, June 2024.

‘Miraculous’ plant spotted on famed Ecuador ridge

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1393-1394, June 2024.

Two teams supercharge gene spread in plants

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1394-1395, June 2024.

Small, nimble weather satellites join traditional behemoths

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1396-1397, June 2024.

Mexico’s incoming president gives science a big promotion

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1397-1397, June 2024.

The perfect pesticide?

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1398-1401, June 2024.

Unlock the potential of vaccines in food-producing animals

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1409-1411, June 2024.

In Science Journals

Science - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6703, Page 1417-1419, June 2024.

Joint inversion of ERT and ambient noise surface wave data with DPC-guided fuzzy c-means clustering for near-surface imaging

Geophysical Journal International - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 00:00
SummaryWe present a novel strategy for performing joint inversion with guided fuzzy c-means (GFCM) clustering coupling and apply it to electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ambient noise surface wave (ANSW) data. To accurately extract a priori clustering information, we use density peak clustering (DPC) rather than fuzzy c-means (FCM). The number and centres of resistivity and shear-wave velocity a priori clusters are extracted by DPC and then used to guide the joint inversion with the GFCM clustering coupling of ERT and ANSW data. Synthetic and field data are used to evaluate the flow and algorithm of DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion. The results of synthetic examples show that the models recovered by the DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion are nearly the same as the true models and are more accurate than those inverted using individual inversion and FCM-GFCM clustering joint inversion. In the field case, the depths of the stratigraphic interfaces shown in the resistivity and shear-wave velocity models inverted by DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion are nearly consistent with those from the drilling data. In contrast, the strata recovered by the individual inversion and FCM-GFCM clustering joint inversion significantly differ from the drilling results. Both the synthetic and field examples verify the effectiveness of the DPC-GFCM clustering coupling method used for the joint inversion of ERT and ANSW data acquired from the near surface with strong heterogeneity. This novel approach can also be applied to other types of geophysical data.

Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-Surface (REASON)

Space Science Reviews - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 00:00
Abstract

The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa Clipper mission. REASON is designed to probe Europa from exosphere to subsurface ocean, contributing the third dimension to observations of this enigmatic world. The hypotheses REASON will test are that (1) the ice shell of Europa hosts liquid water, (2) the ice shell overlies an ocean and is subject to tidal flexing, and (3) the exosphere, near-surface, ice shell, and ocean participate in material exchange essential to the habitability of this moon. REASON will investigate processes governing this material exchange by characterizing the distribution of putative non-ice material (e.g., brines, salts) in the subsurface, searching for an ice–ocean interface, characterizing the ice shell’s global structure, and constraining the amplitude of Europa’s radial tidal deformations. REASON will accomplish these science objectives using a combination of radar measurement techniques including altimetry, reflectometry, sounding, interferometry, plasma characterization, and ranging. Building on a rich heritage from Earth, the moon, and Mars, REASON will be the first ice-penetrating radar to explore the outer solar system. Because these radars are untested for the icy worlds in the outer solar system, a novel approach to measurement quality assessment was developed to represent uncertainties in key properties of Europa that affect REASON performance and ensure robustness across a range of plausible parameters suggested for the icy moon. REASON will shed light on a never-before-seen dimension of Europa and – in concert with other instruments on Europa Clipper – help to investigate whether Europa is a habitable world.

Slushy surface of Antarctic ice shelves

Nature Geoscience - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 00:00

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 27 June 2024; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01445-x

Surface meltwater plays a key role in ice shelf stability, and consequently, Antarctica’s sea level contributions. New satellite observations suggest there is substantially more surface meltwater than previously thought, and models are underestimating it.

Substantial contribution of slush to meltwater area across Antarctic ice shelves

Nature Geoscience - Thu, 06/27/2024 - 00:00

Nature Geoscience, Published online: 27 June 2024; doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01466-6

Analysis of satellite imagery suggests that slush accounts for approximately half of the total meltwater area across Antarctic ice shelves.

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