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Quantifying hazard resilience by modeling infrastructure recovery as a resource-constrained project scheduling problem

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 09:09
Quantifying hazard resilience by modeling infrastructure recovery as a resource-constrained project scheduling problem
Taylor Glen Johnson, Jorge Leandro, and Divine Kwaku Ahadzie
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2285–2302, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2285-2024, 2024
Reliance on infrastructure creates vulnerabilities to disruptions caused by natural hazards. To assess the impacts of natural hazards on the performance of infrastructure, we present a framework for quantifying resilience and develop a model of recovery based upon an application of project scheduling under resource constraints. The resilience framework and recovery model were applied in a case study to assess the resilience of building infrastructure to flooding hazards in Accra, Ghana.

A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Quantify ENSO Sources of Predictability

GRL - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 08:29
Abstract

A machine learning method is used to identify sources of long-term ENSO predictability in the ocean (sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content) and the atmosphere (near-surface zonal wind (U10)). Tropical SST represents the primary source of predictability skill. While U10 does not increase the skill when associated with SST, our analysis suggests U10 alone has apredictive skill comparable to that of SST between 11 and 21 months in advance, from late fall up to late spring. The long-lead signal originates from coupled wind-SST interactions across the Indian Ocean (IO) and propagates across the Pacific via an atmospheric bridge mechanism. A linear correlation analysis supports this mechanism, suggesting a precursor link between anomalies in SST in the western and wind in the eastern IO. Our results have important implications for ENSO predictions beyond 1 year ahead and identify the key role of U10 over the IO.

First Results of Mars Express—ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Mutual Radio Occultation

Radio Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 07:00
Abstract

Spacecraft-to-spacecraft radio occultations experiments are being conducted at Mars between Mars Express (MEX) and Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), the first ever extensive inter-spacecraft occultations at a planet other than Earth. Here we present results from the first 83 such occultations, conducted between 2 Nov 2020 and 5th of July 2023. Of these, 44 observations have to-date resulted in the extraction of vertical electron density profiles. These observations are the successful results of a major feasibility study conducted by the European Space Agency to use pre-existing relay communication equipment for radio science purposes. Mutual radio occultations have numerous advantages over traditional spacecraft-to-ground station occultations. In this work, we demonstrate how raw data are transformed into electron density values and validated with models and other instruments.

Issue Information

Radio Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 07:00

No abstract is available for this article.

Beyond the looking glass

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 35-35, July 2024.

Just keep swimming

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 34-34, July 2024.

Lessons from failure

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 114-114, July 2024.

In Other Journals

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 40-41, July 2024.

Lymphocytes as a living drug for cancer

Science - Thu, 07/04/2024 - 05:58
Science, Volume 385, Issue 6704, Page 25-26, July 2024.

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