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Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Zhirui Ray Wang, Giampiero Iaffaldano, John R. Hopper

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Yiliang Li, Zikang Li, Xiaorong Qin, Binlong Ye, Ziyu Niu, Anouk Ehreiser, Wenhua Zhang, Yang Pan, Liping Qin, Rong Shu, Jianxi Zhu, Yigang Xu, Hongping He, Bo Wu

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Huiwen Guo, Hongxi Pang, Shuangye Wu, Tao Xu, Sebastian G. Mutz, Zhaojun Zhan, Wen Lin, Wangbin Zhang, Shugui Hou

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): James M.D. Day, Sarah J. Woodland, Kimberley L. Nutt, Nicole Stroncik, Lotte M. Larsen, Robert B. Trumbull, D. Graham Pearson

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Shaun R. Eaves, Andrew N. Mackintosh, Joel B. Pedro, Helen C. Bostock, Matthew T. Ryan, Kevin P. Norton, Bruce W. Hayward, Brian M. Anderson, Feng He, Richard S. Jones, Andrew M. Lorrey, Rewi M. Newnham, Stephen G. Tims, Marcus J. Vandergoes

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Hongcheng Guo, Peter K. Zeitler, Bruce D. Idleman

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Marisa C. Wood, Steeve Gréaux, Yoshio Kono, Sho Kakizawa, Yuta Ishikawa, Sayako Inoué, Hideharu Kuwahara, Yuji Higo, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Tetsuo Irifune

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Y. Datu Adiatma, Matthew R. Saltzman, Elizabeth M. Griffith

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Jennifer L. Druhan, Julien Bouchez

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Elena Melekhova, Jon Blundy

Publication date: 1 September 2024

Source: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 641

Author(s): Guang-Yi Wei, Feifei Zhang

Quantifying the uncertainties in thermal–optical analysis of carbonaceous aircraft engine emissions: an interlaboratory study
Timothy A. Sipkens, Joel C. Corbin, Brett Smith, Stéphanie Gagné, Prem Lobo, Benjamin T. Brem, Mark P. Johnson, and Gregory J. Smallwood
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4291–4302, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4291-2024, 2024
Carbonaceous particles, such as soot, contribute to climate forcing, air pollution, and human health impacts. Thermal–optical analysis is a calibration standard used to measure these particles, but significant differences have been observed in the measurements across identical instruments. We report on the reproducibility of these measurements for aircraft emissions, which range from 8.0 % of the nominal value for organic carbon to 17 % for elemental carbon. 

PyGLDA: a fine-scale Python-based Global Land Data Assimilation system for integrating satellite gravity data into hydrological models
Fan Yang, Maike Schumacher, Leire Retegui-Schiettekatte, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, and Ehsan Forootan
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-125,2024
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 1 comment)
The satellite gravimetry can provide direct measurement of total water storage (TWS) that was never achieved before. In this study, we provide an open-source assimilation system to show how the satellite based TWS can be temporally, vertically and laterally disaggregated for constraining/validating/improving the global hydrological models. With this system, early warning and water management at a global scale would be more accurate, given the upcoming next-generation satellite gravity missions.

Abstract

Here we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (L S  = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H2O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S injecting H2O upward, reaching abundance of about 50 ppmv at 100 km. We have observed this event repeatedly in the three Martian years analyzed, appearing at L S  = 260°–280° and showing inter-annual variations in the magnitude and timing due to long term effects of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm. We provide a rough estimate of projected hydrogen escape of 3.2 × 109 cm−2 s−1 associated to these plumes, adding further evidence of the key role played by the perihelion season in the long term evolution of the planet's climate.

Revisiting regression methods for estimating long-term trends in sea surface temperature
Ming-Huei Chang, Yen-Chen Huang, Yu-Hsin Cheng, Chuen-Teyr Terng, Jinyi Chen, and Jyh Cherng Jan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2481–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2481-2024, 2024
Monitoring the long-term trends in sea surface warming is crucial for informed decision-making and adaptation. This study offers a comprehensive examination of prevalent trend extraction methods. We identify the least-squares regression as suitable for general tasks yet highlight the need to address seasonal signal-induced bias, i.e., the phase–distance imbalance. Our developed method, evaluated using simulated and real data, is unbiased and better than the conventional SST anomaly method. 

Optimizing Rainfall-Triggered Landslide Thresholds to Warning Daily Landslide Hazard in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Bo Peng and Xueling Wu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-109,2024
Preprint under review for NHESS (discussion: open, 2 comments)
Our research enhances landslide prevention using advanced machine learning to forecast heavy rainfall-triggered landslides. By analyzing regions and employing various models, we identified optimal ways to predict high-risk rainfall events. Integrating multiple factors and models, including a neural network, significantly improves landslide predictions. Real data validation confirms our approach's reliability, aiding communities in mitigating landslide impacts and safeguarding lives and property.

Abstract

Time series of radiative cooling of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) by carbon dioxide (CO2) are examined for evidence of trends over 20 years. Radiative cooling rates in K day−1 provided by the SABER instrument are converted to time series of infrared power radiated from three distinct layers between 0.1 hPa and 0.0001 hPa (65–105 km). Linear regression against time and a predictor for solar variability provides estimates of the trend in exiting longwave radiation (ELR) from these layers. Trends in ELR are not significantly different from zero at 95% or 99% confidence in each layer. These results demonstrate energy conservation in the UMLT on decadal time scales and show that the UMLT continues to radiate the same amount of energy it receives despite cooling and contracting over two decades. These results are enabled by the long-term stability of the SABER instrument calibration.

Abstract

Tropical cyclones (TCs) induce substantial upper-ocean mixing and upwelling, leading to sea surface cooling. In this study, we explore changes in TC-induced cold wakes along the United States (U.S.) Southeast and Gulf Coasts during 1982–2020. Our study shows a significant increase in TC-induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling of about 0.20°C near the U.S. Southeast Coast over this period. However, for the U.S. Gulf Coast, trends in TC-induced SST cooling are insignificant. Analysis of the large-scale oceanic environments indicate that the increasing TC-induced cold wakes near the Southeast coast have been predominantly caused by the cooling of subsurface waters in that region. This upper-ocean change is attributed to the enhancement of surface pressure gradient across land-sea boundary and the associated increase in alongshore winds over there. Further analysis with climate models reveals the important role of anthropogenic forcings in driving these changes in the atmospheric circulation response along the U.S. Southeast Coast.

Abstract

Sea-level change threatens the U.S. East Coast. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying causes, including ocean dynamics. Most past studies emphasized links between coastal sea level and local atmospheric variability or large-scale circulation and climate, but possible relationships with local ocean currents over the shelf and slope remain largely unexplored. Here we use 7 years of in situ velocity and sea-level data to quantify the relationship between northeastern U.S. coastal sea level and variable Shelfbreak Jet transport south of Nantucket Island. At timescales of 1–15 days, southern New England coastal sea level and transport vary in anti-phase, with magnitude-squared coherences of ∼0.5 and admittance amplitudes of ∼0.3 m Sv−1. These results are consistent with a dominant geostrophic balance between along-shelf transport and coastal sea level, corroborating a hypothesis made decades ago that was not tested due to the lack of transport data.

Abstract

To address the increasing demand for diurnal information on trace gases and aerosols, a series of geostationary (GEO) satellite programs called GEO-constellation have been initiated, with the launch of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 2B (GK2B). To assess the sensor performance of GEMS in orbit, the current work suggests employing an inter-calibration methodology involving the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) aboard its twin satellite, GK2A. Twin satellites have a significant advantage in obtaining collocation data sets across diverse spatiotemporal, angular, and atmospheric conditions, enabling rigorous collocation criteria effectively reducing mismatch uncertainty. The results present robust correlation coefficients over 0.99, revealing the current calibration characteristics of the sensors. This research emphasizes the advantages of the GEO-GEO inter-calibration, particularly the capability of analyzing spatial and temporal dependencies. These findings confirm the mutual benefit of utilizing the sensors in similar configurations, highlighting their importance for future satellite monitoring endeavors.