Feed aggregator

How circulation patterns of surface currents could help clean the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 20:51
Between Hawaii and California, trash swirls in giant ocean currents, caught up in the infamous, Texas-sized Great Pacific Garbage Patch. This is just one of many found across the globe. Efforts to clear the patch with sweeping nets may be well-intentioned, but the financial and environmental costs of fuel make them controversial.

Adopting zero-emission trucks and buses could save lives, prevent asthma in Illinois

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 20:24
Guided by the lived experiences of community partners, Northwestern University scientists have simulated the effects of zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption on future air quality for the greater Chicago area.

Flexible, adaptable approaches to protect against rising seas are the most cost-effective, modeling study finds

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 19:26
Public officials designing seawalls, levees and other safeguards against rising seas can save money if their solutions are flexible, adapting to sea-level increases over time, according to an analysis by scientists at Rutgers and Princeton universities.

Global correlation of Swarm satellites magnetic field and TEC data with M4+ earthquakes between 2014 and 2024

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Badr-Eddine Boudriki Semlali, Carlos Molina, Hyuk Park, Adriano Camps

An optimal strategy for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in case II waters to support sustainable development goals

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Shang Tian, Xiaotong Zhu, Han Zhang, Hongwei Guo, Zijie Zhang, Jinhui Jeanne Huang

A GNSS PPP integrity monitoring algorithm based on ARKF and MHSS

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Ershen Wang, Tengli Yu, Xinhui Sun, Pingping Qu, Tingyu Chen, Xuebao Hong, Song Xu, Zexin Liu

Drivers of wildfire spatial expansion: Modeling insights from semi-arid oak forests of W Iran

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Akram Sadeghi, Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan, Naser Ahmadi Sani

Investigation of X-ray emission from the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1832–085 with <em>Suzaku</em>

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2025

Source: Advances in Space Research

Author(s): Ebru Aktekin

Regional climate variability and more play role in Missouri River Basin's elevated streamflow

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 17:52
Stretching from Montana to Missouri, the Missouri River basin is one of the country's largest river systems. Over the past century, its average streamflow has increased by about 40%, with multiple years since 1990 experiencing extremely high flow. Streamflow is affected by factors including precipitation, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as changes in the way land is used, such as replacing forest with cropland. Understanding how these factors interact is critical in helping the public prepare for hydrologic extremes such as floods, which cost the United States billions of dollars per year.

Stormy rains in the Sahara offer clues to past and future climate changes

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 17:01
A new study recently published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, provides new insights into the meteorological processes responsible for the filling of a normally dry lake in the northwestern Sahara. The research offers a fresh perspective on past climate variations and suggests we can learn from past flooding of the lake on ongoing climate change and future water resources in the desert.

Unveiling the mysterious 'red sprite' lightning strikes over the Himalayas

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 16:09
Have you ever heard of—or even seen—red lightning? These are not animated characters but real atmospheric phenomena known as electrical discharges that occur high above thunderstorms. Scientists refer to them as "red sprites," named for their jellyfish-like appearance and vivid red flashes. Now, imagine witnessing these mesmerizing displays over the world's highest mountain range—the Himalayas.

Tracing the geological history of spring rains: Why they diminish in North America and emerge in East Asia

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 15:27
In ancient China, spring rains were called "as precious as oil" for their vital role in nature's spring revival. Today, a unique climate phenomenon known as "spring persistent rainfall" (SPR) prevails in East Asia, bringing about 600 mm of rainfall—more than 35% of the region's annual mean total rainfall.

Tropical cyclones have become more frequent compared to the past 5,700 years, sediment core analysis shows

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 14:19
Using a sediment core taken from the Great Blue Hole off the coast of the Central American state of Belize, researchers from the universities of Frankfurt, Cologne, Göttingen, Hamburg and Bern have analyzed the local climate history of the last 5,700 years.

Satellite technology helps coastal data collection

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 13:52
Flinders University coastal experts are finding more cost-efficient ways to capture crucial seascape elevation data (bathymetry), through current research projects that are monitoring environmental change across areas of South Australia's coastline.

After the fury, hurricanes can leave a lasting mark on deep ocean

Phys.org: Earth science - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 13:39
The impact of hurricanes when they travel over land, or when they affect ships or oil-drilling platforms, are quite well understood. But these huge cyclones also stir up the ocean itself, with consequences that are relatively unknown and hard to study.

Nonlinear saturation of the two-plasmon decay instability in magnetized plasmas

Physical Review E (Plasma physics) - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 10:00

Author(s): X. X. Li, R. J. Cheng, Qing Wang, D. J. Liu, S. Y. Lv, Z. M. Huang, S. T. Zhang, Z. J. Chen, Z. Y. Xu, Qiang Wang, Z. J. Liu, L. H. Cao, C. Y. Zheng, and X. T. He

It is shown that the Landau damping of electron plasma waves (EPWs) is significantly enhanced in a transverse magnetic field with tens of teslas due to a strong modification of the electron velocity distribution function formed in the two-plasmon-decay (TPD) process. The Landau damping even in the r…


[Phys. Rev. E 111, 035207] Published Tue Mar 18, 2025

Resonance broadening effects of weak turbulence on Earth's radiation belt electrons

Physical Review E (Plasma physics) - Tue, 03/18/2025 - 10:00

Author(s): Xiongdong Yu, Zhigang Yuan, Dedong Wang, Oliver Allanson, and Samuel Hunter

The dynamics of electrons in space plasmas, such as the earth’s radiation belts, are affected by the presence of wave turbulence, even when a resonance condition is not satisfied. The authors propose an expression to describe this resonance broadening effect, and find that it compares well with test particle simulation results. The study is applied to whistler-mode chorus waves in the radiation belt’s electrons, but can be easily extended to a wide range of systems.

#AdvancingField #TechnicalAdvancement


[Phys. Rev. E 111, L033201] Published Tue Mar 18, 2025

Магнитоуправляемый спиновый светоизлучающий диод

Успехи физических наук - Mon, 03/17/2025 - 21:00

М.В. Дорохин, М.В. Ведь, П.Б. Дёмина, Ю.М. Кузнецов, А.В. Кудрин, А.В. Здоровейщев, Д.А. Здоровейщев, Н.В. Байдусь, И.Л. Калентьева

Рассмотрены фундаментальные физические принципы, лежащие в основе работы базовых элементов спинтроники: эффект гигантского магнетосопротивления, инжекция спин-поляризованных носителей заряда из намагниченного ферромагнитного электрода, излучательная рекомбинация в полупроводниках с участием спин-поляризованных носителей. Сформирована и исследована интегральная структура на основе GaAs (магниторезистивный спиновый светоизлучающий диод), в которой реализованы все вышеперечисленные явления. С точки зрения электрической схемы рассмотренный прибор представлял собой последовательно соединённые магниторезистивный элемент и светоизлучающий диод на основе системы металл/туннельно-тонкий диэлектрик/полупроводник. Показано, что магнитное поле, направленное в плоскости слоёв, изменяет состояние магниторезистивного элемента (высокое или низкое сопротивление) и тем самым позволяет управлять интенсивностью электролюминесценции. Магнитное поле, направленное перпендикулярно плоскости слоёв, обеспечивает намагничивание магнитного контакта светоизлучающего диода и спиновую инжекцию, сопровождающуюся испусканием циркулярно поляризованного света. В результате сформирован прибор, который может находиться в четырёх устойчивых магнитных состояниях (высокая—низкая интенсивность, "положительная"—"отрицательная" циркулярная поляризация). Подобная структура может выступить в качестве основы для элементов магнитной записи и передачи информации, в которых четыре устойчивых состояния формируют четверичную логику вместо бинарной.

Квантовые вычисления на  ионах в ловушках: принципы, достижения и перспективы

Успехи физических наук - Mon, 03/17/2025 - 21:00

И.В. Заливако, Н.В. Семенин, Н.О. Жаднов, К.П. Галстян, П.А. Каменских, В.Н. Смирнов, А.Е. Корольков, П.Л. Сидоров, А.С. Борисенко, Ю.П. Аносов, И.А. Семериков, К.Ю. Хабарова, Н.Н. Колачевский

Ультрахолодные ионы являются одной из наиболее успешно развивающихся физических платформ в области квантовых вычислений:  высокое время когерентности и качество операций обеспечили на сегодняшний день лидерство по показателю квантового объёма  (221) по  сравнению с другими системами, например сверхпроводниковой платформой (максимально продемонстрированный квантовый объём 29). На ионных квантовых вычислителях выполнены самые глубокие на сегодняшний день бенчмаркинговые алгоритмы и успешно продемонстрированы алгоритмы коррекции ошибок, что открывает перспективу перехода из сегодняшней эры "шумных квантовых процессоров" (NISQ) в следующую эпоху.  В России направление  ионных квантовых компьютеров начало активно развиваться с появлением Дорожной карты "Квантовые вычисления", стартовавшей в 2020 г. В данном обзоре представлены основные принципы работы ионного квантового компьютера, обзор современных мировых достижений в этой области, а также основные результаты нашей группы, полученные в ходе реализации Дорожной карты.

Climate change 'will accelerate' owing to decline in natural carbon storage, says study

Phys.org: Earth science - Mon, 03/17/2025 - 20:29
The natural process of locking away carbon dioxide (CO2) appears to be in decline—and climate change will accelerate as a result, a University of Strathclyde study warns.

Theme by Danetsoft and Danang Probo Sayekti inspired by Maksimer