Phys.org: Earth science

Scientists have uncovered a key piece of the puzzle behind the unusual "slow earthquakes" occurring off the east coast of New Zealand's North Island.

Every day, new tunnels are being built through rock across the country. The completed tunnels are safe, but the construction phase presents challenges.

Human activities, such as deforestation and the expansion of agricultural areas, have a massive impact on the natural state of ecosystems. As a result, large amounts of carbon are released into the atmosphere, contributing substantially to anthropogenic climate change.

About 1.1 billion years ago, the oldest and most tectonically stable part of North America—called Laurentia—was rapidly heading south toward the equator. Laurentia eventually slammed into Earth's other landmasses during the Grenville orogeny to form the supercontinent Rodinia.

Researchers from the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering and their collaborators have developed FuelVision, a new system that could help enhance nationwide wildfire preparedness by combining satellite imagery with artificial intelligence to rapidly and accurately identify wildfire fuel sources.

Cultural burning is an Indigenous community-based practice where controlled fire is used to manage landscapes like forests. These work by reducing dried, flammable vegetation in a manageable way.

Off the southern coast of Chile, three tectonic plates meet at a point known as the Chile Triple Junction. Two are oceanic plates, the Nazca and the Antarctic, which are separating in an active spreading center, creating a mid-ocean ridge between them. At the same time, both plates—spreading ridge included—are sliding into the mantle beneath a third plate, the South American. The Chile Triple Junction is the only place on Earth where an active spreading center is subducting under a continental plate.

A series of more than 100 earthquakes has hit Northern California, shaking up the Geysers geothermal steam field in Sonoma and Lake counties.

Heat waves are becoming more common, severe and long-lasting. These prolonged periods of hot weather are especially dangerous in already hot places like Texas. In 2023, more than 300 people in Texas died from heat, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services, the most since the state began tracking such deaths in 1989. Researchers found it may not only be temperatures that make heat waves unsafe but also the heat-related increase in airborne pollutants.

Humans adapt to floods through private measures, early warning systems, emergency preparedness and other solutions. A new attribution study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) shows that such adaptation other than structural flood defenses has reduced economic losses from flooding by 63% and fatalities by 52% since 1950.

The magnitude 7.7 earthquake in Myanmar on 28 March 2025 caused widespread damage and over 3,800 fatalities, and also resulted in strong shaking and a building collapse in Bangkok, more than 1,000 km away. Preliminary analysis soon after the earthquake pointed to the unusually fast rupture velocity, which is known as a supershear rupture.

Apatite. Rhymes with appetite, and fittingly, plays a vital role in the very act of eating. Found in teeth and bones, apatite provides the structural strength behind every bite and step we take.

A new study maps the planetary boundary of "functional biosphere integrity" in spatial detail and over centuries. It finds that 60% of global land areas are now already outside the locally defined safe zone, and 38% are even in the high-risk zone.

A research team at Los Alamos National Laboratory recently found that the strength difference between two very high-frequency radio pulses in lightning is closely related to the altitude of the lightning in the cloud—a finding that sheds light on how the power in lightning radiates. This, in turn, gives insight into lightning initiation in a particularly powerful type of in-cloud lightning.

An interdisciplinary research team led by scientists from Freie Universität Berlin and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology has shown how deep lakes formed more than 9,500 years ago in the craters of the Tibesti Mountains and existed there for more than 5,000 years.

In the face of growing global pressures, a new report from Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future (SAEF), including University of Adelaide researchers, highlights the opportunity to strengthen and future-proof Antarctic governance by responding to emerging conservation threats with coordinated, proactive measures.

Roughly two-thirds of all emissions of atmospheric methane—a highly potent greenhouse gas that is warming planet Earth—come from microbes that live in oxygen-free environments like wetlands, rice fields, landfills and the guts of cows.

Every human being leaves traces behind, and has done so for thousands of years. In a new study, a team led by lead author Dr. Yanming Ruan from MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen shows that human influence on soil erosion goes back much further than previously thought. Their findings have now been published in Geophysical Research Letters.

The aridity index is an invaluable tool used for estimating how dry (or how humid) a location is based on the precipitation and evapotranspiration occurring in the area. It is useful for predicting the severity of droughts, studying water availability changes due to climate change, and determining the allocation of water in resource planning.

USGS streamgages show flood conditions are now underway, with live cameras providing real-time views on the USGS HIVIS website. Glacier-caused flooding has become an annual threat since 2011, with record-breaking floods over the past two years that impacted more than 300 homes and threatened public safety.